Brake systems are one of the most critical elements of vehicle safety. In particular, the issue known as "brake softening" can seriously threaten driving safety. In this comprehensive guide, we will thoroughly examine the causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and prevention strategies of brake softening.
What is Brake Softening?
Brake softening refers to the condition where the driver feels more pedal movement than usual when pressing the brake pedal and experiences a noticeable decrease in braking power. In a healthy brake system, the pedal hardens at a certain point and provides consistent braking performance. However, in a softened brake pedal:
- The pedal sinks deeper than usual
- Braking power is reduced
- Pumping may sometimes be required
- The pedal may feel "spongy"
7 Main Causes of Brake Softening
The 7 most common causes of brake softening are as follows:
Presence of Air in the Hydraulic System
Air in the brake system can be considered the “enemy” of the system. Air is compressible in hydraulic systems. This condition occurs due to:
- Incorrect bleeding process
- Failure to follow proper procedure after pad replacement
- System being open for a long time
- Air entering due to low hydraulic fluid level
Symptoms: Pedal hardens after pumping, braking becomes inconsistent
Hydraulic Fluid Leaks
Leaks in the brake system cause pressure loss and therefore softening. Leaks are typically seen at:
- Brake caliper seals
- Master cylinder
- Hose connection points
- ABS module seals
- Wheel cylinders (in drum brakes)
Critical Warning: Hydraulic fluid leaks require immediate attention. You can place a white cardboard under the vehicle to check for oil traces.
Master Cylinder Malfunction
The master cylinder is the key component that converts brake pedal motion into hydraulic pressure. Its internal seals may wear over time:
- Risk increases after 100,000 km
- Seals may swell or tear
- Internal leaks may occur even without visible leakage
Test Method: While the engine is running, press the brake pedal firmly. If the pedal slowly sinks, the master cylinder may be faulty.
Excessive Wear of Brake Pads
Worn-out brake pads cause the caliper pistons to travel more:
- Pedal travel increases
- Braking power decreases
- If metal-to-metal contact starts, discs and drums may get damaged
Important Note: If the pad thickness falls below 3mm, it must be replaced.
Brake Booster (Vacuum Servo) Failure
Common causes include:
- Cracked or leaking vacuum hose
- Diaphragm rupture
- Check valve failure
Symptoms: Brake pedal feels harder than usual, and becomes even harder when the engine stops
ABS Module Issues
In modern vehicles, issues in the ABS module may lead to brake softening:
- Air entering the system
- Valve block malfunction
- Electronic control unit failure
Incorrect Hydraulic Fluid Use
- Using DOT 4 instead of DOT 3
- Mixing different brands
- Not completely removing old fluid
How to Diagnose Brake Softening? Step-by-Step Checklist
Hydraulic Level Check
- Reservoir level should be between MAX and MIN
- Fluid should be clear (dark fluid indicates it needs changing)
Visual Leak Check
- Inspect all brake hoses
- Check calipers and wheel cylinders
- Look for oil traces around the master cylinder
Pedal Tests
- Pedal should harden when the engine is off
- Pedal should not slowly sink while the engine is running
- Test if the pedal hardens after pumping
Pad and Disc Check
- Measure pad thickness
- Inspect discs for cracks or wear
Professional Diagnostics
- Read ABS fault codes
- Have a brake pressure test done
How to Prevent Brake Softening? 10 Critical Maintenance Rules
Follow Hydraulic Fluid Change Intervals
- Replace every 2 years or every 50,000 km
- Adhere to correct DOT standard
Protect Reservoir Breather Holes
- Keep reservoir cap clean
- Prevent air entry
Use Quality Spare Parts
- Use OE equivalent pads and discs
- Prefer hoses and seals that meet standards
Perform Correct Bleeding
- Follow manufacturer instructions
- ABS-equipped vehicles may require special procedures
Keep Brake System Clean
- Lubricate caliper guide pins
- Clean dust and dirt regularly
Avoid Sudden Braking
- Excessive heat can damage seals
- Drive more smoothly
Take Care During Winter
- Protect from salt and moisture
- Take precautions during long parking periods
Don’t Skip Periodic Checks
- Have your brake system checked every 15,000 km
- Professional inspection is crucial
Take Warning Signs Seriously
- Check immediately if the brake warning light is on
- Don’t ignore unusual sounds
Keep Emergency Equipment
- Spare hydraulic fluid
- Brake repair kit (for long trips)
Brake Softening Emergency Procedures
If you experience sudden brake softening while driving:
- Stay Calm – Don’t panic
- Downshift – Use engine braking
- Apply Handbrake Gradually – Don’t pull it suddenly
- Turn on Hazard Lights – Alert other drivers
- Pull Over Safely – Use a ramp if possible
- Call for Help – Do not continue driving
Important Note: Some modern vehicles may display a warning such as "Low Brake Pressure." In such cases, stop immediately.
Conclusion
Brake softening is a serious issue that should never be ignored. As experts, we recommend:
- Early intervention saves lives – Act as soon as you notice symptoms
- Prioritize quality – Cheap parts cost more in the long run
- Get professional support – Expert help is a must for complex systems
- Do preventive maintenance – Small costs prevent big failures
- Review your driving habits – Aggressive driving shortens brake life
Remember, your brakes are your vehicle’s life insurance. If you experience brake softening, consult an authorized service immediately and do not continue driving. Drive safely
